The collection length.
A function that takes an index of an element in the collection and returns zero if the value at this index is equal to the search key, a negative number if the value precedes the search key in the sorting order, or a positive number if the search key precedes the value.
A non-negative index of an element, if found. If not found, the result is -(n+1) (or ~n, using bitwise notation), where n is the index where the key should be inserted to maintain the sorting order.
Performs a binary search algorithm over a sorted collection. Useful for cases when we need to perform a binary search over something that isn't actually an array, and converting data to an array would defeat the use of binary search in the first place.